Active social network

ABSTRACT

A communication analysis system for an online game is described. A communication history among players of the online game is retrieved. Communication tracking metrics are generated based on the communication history of the players of the online game. A retention analysis is performed with the communication tracking metrics to determine retention of players of the online game. A retention recommendation is generated based on the retention analysis.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/622,400, filed on Feb. 13, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/244,813, filed on Sep. 26, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,984,064, which claims priority from provisional U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 61/503,593, filed Jun. 30, 2011, the entire contents of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure generally relates to games and applications and, in example embodiments, to computer-implemented, online social games.

BACKGROUND

Online social games are becoming widespread. The success of an online social game depends on the number of players and how often these players visit the online social game. As such, the retention of online players to visiting the online social games is an important factor towards the success of the online social games.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a system for implementing disclosed embodiments;

FIG. 2A is a block diagram illustrating an example social network;

FIG. 2B is a block diagram illustrating another example social network;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example data flow in a system;

FIG. 4A is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of an Active Social Network (ASN) system;

FIG. 4B is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a game communication tracking metrics module;

FIG. 4C is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a player communication tracking metrics module;

FIG. 5A is a flow diagram illustrating one example embodiment of a method for an ASN system;

FIG. 5B is a flow diagram illustrating one example embodiment of a method for an ASN system for an online game;

FIG. 5C is a flow diagram illustrating one example embodiment of a method for an ASN system for a player of an online game;

FIG. 5D is a flow diagram illustrating one example embodiment of a method for a game tracking metrics of an online game;

FIG. 5E is a flow diagram illustrating one example embodiment of a method for a player tracking metrics of a player of an online game;

FIG. 5F is a flow diagram illustrating another example embodiment of a method for an ASN system;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example network environment; and

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computer system architecture.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

A communication analysis system for an online game is described. A communication history of players of the online game is retrieved. Communication tracking metrics are generated based on the communication history of the players of the online game. A retention analysis is performed with the communication tracking metrics to determine retention of players of the online game. A retention recommendation is generated based on the retention analysis.

In one embodiment, a communication analysis system for an online game comprises a communication analysis module, a communication tracking metrics module, a retention analysis module, and a retention recommendation module. The communication analysis module retrieves a communication history of players of the online game. The communication tracking metrics module generates communication tracking metrics based on the communication history of the players of the online game. The retention analysis module performs a retention analysis with the communication tracking metrics. The retention recommendation module generates a retention recommendation based on the retention analysis.

In another embodiment, the communication analysis module comprises a game communication analysis module that retrieves a log of communications among all players of the online game within a predetermined duration. The communication tracking metrics module comprises a game communication tracking metrics module that generates game communication tracking metrics for the online game based on the log of communications among all players of the online game within the predetermined duration. The game communication tracking metrics module includes a Sustaining Active Social Network (SASN) module that computes a size of a SASN of the online game, a Percent Actively Social (PAS) module that computes a percentage of players who have an ASN at least as large as the SASN for the online game in a trailing predefined number of days, and a Percent Actively one friend module (PA1) that computes a percentage of players who have an ASN with at least one friend in the trailing predefined number of days. The retention analysis module comprises a game retention analysis module that performs a game retention analysis for the online game with the game communication tracking metrics. The retention recommendation module comprises a game retention recommendation module that generates a game retention recommendation for the online game based on the game retention analysis. The game retention recommendation includes recommendations to a game networking system for increasing retention of players for the online game.

In another embodiment, the communication analysis module comprises a player communication analysis module that retrieves a log of communications between a player and other players of the online game within a predetermined duration. The communication tracking metrics module comprises a player communication tracking metrics module that generates player communication tracking metrics for the player based on the log of communications between the player and other players of the online game within the predetermined duration. The player communication tracking metrics module comprises a Sustaining Active Social Network (SASN) module that computes a size of a SASN of the online game, an ASN size module that computes a size of an ASN of the player in a trailing predefined number of days, and an ASN activity module that computes a count of completed social loops of the player in the trailing predefined number of days. The retention analysis module comprises a player retention analysis module that performs a player retention analysis for the player with the player communication tracking metrics. The retention recommendation module comprises a player retention recommendation module that generates a player retention recommendation for the player based on the player retention analysis. The player retention recommendation includes recommendations to a game networking system for increasing retention of the player for the online game.

In another embodiment, the game communication tracking metrics module also includes an average ASN size module that compute the average ASN size of players of the online game in the trailing predefined number of days, and an average ASN activity module that computes a count of completed social loops of each player of the online game in the trailing predefined number of days.

In another embodiment, an ASN system includes a communication analysis module, a communication tracking metrics module, and a retention recommendation module. The communication analysis module determines a size of a SASN for an online game. The size of the SASN includes the size of a social network that supports retention of players in the online game. The communication tracking metrics module determines a size of an ASN of a player of the online game. The size of the ASN of the player includes the number of distinct friends with whom the player forms at least one social loop in a trailing predefined number of days. The retention recommendation module generates a retention recommendation for the player based on a comparison of the size of the ASN of the player with the size of the SASN for the online game. The game communication tracking metrics module computes an average ASN size of all players of the online game in the trailing predefined number of days, and an average ASN activity of completed social loops of all players of the online game in the trailing predefined number of days.

Example Online Game Networking System

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a system for implementing various disclosed embodiments. In particular embodiments, system 100 comprises player 101, social networking system 120 a, game networking system 120 b, client system 130, and network 160. The components of system 100 can be connected to each other in any suitable configuration, using any suitable type of connection. The components may be connected directly or over a network 160, which may be any suitable network. For example, one or more portions of network 160 may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a cellular telephone network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks.

Social networking system 120 a is a network-addressable computing system that can host one or more social graphs. Social networking system 120 a can generate, store, receive, and transmit social networking data. Social networking system 120 a can be accessed by the other components of system 100 either directly or via network 160. Game networking system 120 b is a network-addressable computing system that can host one or more online games. Game networking system 120 b can generate, store, receive, and transmit game-related data, such as, for example, game account data, game input, game state data, and game displays. Game networking system 120 b can be accessed by the other components of system 100 either directly or via network 160. Player 101 may use client system 130 to access, send data to, and receive data from social networking system 120 a and game networking system 120 b. Client system 130 can access social networking system 120 a or game networking system 120 b directly, via network 160, or via a third-party system. As an example and not by way of limitation, client system 130 may access game networking system 120 b via social networking system 120 a. Client system 130 can be any suitable computing device, such as a personal computer, laptop, cellular phone, smart phone, computing tablet, and the like.

Although FIG. 1 illustrates a particular number of players 101, social networking systems 120 a, game networking systems 120 b, client systems 130, and networks 160, this disclosure contemplates any suitable number of players 101, social networking systems 120 a, game networking systems 120 b, client systems 130, and networks 160. As an example and not by way of limitation, system 100 may include one or more game networking systems 120 b and no social networking systems 120 a. As another example and not by way of limitation, system 100 may include a system that comprises both social networking system 120 a and game networking system 120 b. Moreover, although FIG. 1 illustrates a particular arrangement of player 101, social networking system 120 a, game networking system 120 b, client system 130, and network 160, this disclosure contemplates any suitable arrangement of player 101, social networking system 120 a, game networking system 120 b, client system 130, and network 160.

The components of system 100 may be connected to each other using any suitable connections 110. For example, suitable connections 110 include wireline (such as, for example, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) or Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)), wireless (such as, for example, Wi-Fi or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)) or optical (such as, for example, Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) or Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)) connections. In particular embodiments, one or more connections 110 each include an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a VPN, a LAN, a WLAN, a WAN, a WWAN, a MAN, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the PSTN, a cellular telephone network, or another type of connection, or a combination of two or more such connections. Connections 110 need not necessarily be the same throughout system 100. One or more first connections 110 may differ in one or more respects from one or more second connections 110. Although FIG. 1 illustrates particular connections between player 101, social networking system 120 a, game networking system 120 b, client system 130, and network 160, this disclosure contemplates any suitable connections between player 101, social networking system 120 a, game networking system 120 b, client system 130, and network 160. As an example and not by way of limitation, in particular embodiments, client system 130 may have a direct connection to social networking system 120 a or game networking system 120 b, bypassing network 160.

In an online computer game, a game engine manages the game state of the game. Game state comprises all game play parameters, including player character state, non-player character (NPC) state, in-game object state, game world state (e.g., internal game clocks, game environment), and other game play parameters. Each player 101 controls one or more player characters (PCs). The game engine controls all other aspects of the game, including non-player characters (NPCs), and in-game objects. The game engine also manages game state, including player character state for currently active (online) and inactive (offline) players.

An online game can be hosted by game networking system 120 b, which can be accessed using any suitable connection with a suitable client system 130. A player may have a game account on game networking system 120 b, wherein the game account can contain a variety of information associated with the player (e.g., the player's personal information, financial information, purchase history, player character state, game state). In some embodiments, a player may play multiple games on game networking system 120 b, which may maintain a single game account for the player with respect to all the games, or multiple individual game accounts for each game with respect to the player. In some embodiments, game networking system 120 b can assign a unique identifier to each player 101 of an online game hosted on game networking system 120 b. Game networking system 120 b can determine that a player 101 is accessing the online game by reading the user's cookies, which may be appended to HTTP requests transmitted by client system 130 and/or by the player 101 logging onto the online game.

In particular embodiments, player 101 may access an online game and control the game's progress via client system 130 (e.g., by inputting commands to the game at the client device). Client system 130 can display the game interface, receive inputs from player 101, transmit user inputs or other events to the game engine, and receive instructions from the game engine. The game engine can be executed on any suitable system (such as, for example, client system 130, social networking system 120 a, or game networking system 120 b). As an example and not by way of limitation, client system 130 can download client components of an online game, which are executed locally, while a remote game server, such as game networking system 120 b, provides backend support for the client components and may be responsible for maintaining application data of the game, processing the inputs from the player 101, updating and/or synchronizing the game state based on the game logic and each input from the player 101, and transmitting instructions to client system 130. As another example and not by way of limitation, each time player 101 provides an input to the game through the client system 130 (such as, for example, by typing on the keyboard or clicking the mouse of client system 130), the client components of the game may transmit the player's input to game networking system 120 b.

Game Systems, Social Networks, and Social Graphs

In an online multiplayer game, players may control player characters (PCs), while a game engine controls non-player characters (NPCs) and game features and also manages player character state and game state and tracks the state for currently active (i.e., online) players and currently inactive (i.e., offline) players. A player character can have a set of attributes and a set of friends associated with the player character. As used herein, the term “player character state” can refer to any in-game characteristic of a player character, such as location, assets, levels, condition, health, status, inventory, skill set, name, orientation, affiliation, specialty, and so on. Player characters may be displayed as graphical avatars within a user interface of the game. In other implementations, no avatar or other graphical representation of the player character is displayed. Game state encompasses the notion of player character state and refers to any parameter value that characterizes the state of an in-game element, such as a non-player character, a virtual object (such as a wall or castle), and the like. The game engine may use player character state to determine the outcome of game events, sometimes also considering set or random variables. Generally, a player character's probability of having a more favorable outcome is greater when the player character has a better state. For example, a healthier player character is less likely to die in a particular encounter relative to a weaker player character or non-player character. In some embodiments, the game engine can assign a unique client identifier to each player.

In particular embodiments, player 101 may access particular game instances of an online game. A game instance is copy of a specific game play area that is created during runtime. In particular embodiments, a game instance is a discrete game play area where one or more players 101 can interact in synchronous or asynchronous play. A game instance may be, for example, a level, zone, area, region, location, virtual space, or other suitable play area. A game instance may be populated by one or more in-game objects. Each object may be defined within the game instance by one or more variables, such as, for example, position, height, width, depth, direction, time, duration, speed, color, and other suitable variables. A game instance may be exclusive (i.e., accessible by specific players) or non-exclusive (i.e., accessible by any player). In particular embodiments, a game instance is populated by one or more player characters controlled by one or more players 101 and one or more in-game objects controlled by the game engine. When accessing an online game, the game engine may allow player 101 to select a particular game instance to play from a plurality of game instances. Alternatively, the game engine may automatically select the game instance that player 101 will access. In particular embodiments, an online game comprises only one game instance that all players 101 of the online game can access.

In particular embodiments, a specific game instance may be associated with one or more specific players. A game instance is associated with a specific player when one or more game parameters of the game instance are associated with the specific player. As an example and not by way of limitation, a game instance associated with a first player may be named “First Player's Play Area.” This game instance may be populated with the first player's PC and one or more in-game objects associated with the first player. In particular embodiments, a game instance associated with a specific player may only be accessible by that specific player. As an example and not by way of limitation, a first player may access a first game instance when playing an online game, and this first game instance may be inaccessible to all other players. In other embodiments, a game instance associated with a specific player may be accessible by one or more other players, either synchronously or asynchronously with the specific player's game play. As an example and not by way of limitation, a first player may be associated with a first game instance, but the first game instance may be accessed by all first-degree friends in the first player's social network. In particular embodiments, the game engine may create a specific game instance for a specific player when that player accesses the game. As an example and not by way of limitation, the game engine may create a first game instance when a first player initially accesses an online game, and that same game instance may be loaded each time the first player accesses the game. As another example and not by way of limitation, the game engine may create a new game instance each time a first player accesses an online game, wherein each game instance may be created randomly or selected from a set of predetermined game instances. In particular embodiments, the set of in-game actions available to a specific player may be different in a game instance that is associated with that player compared to a game instance that is not associated with that player. The set of in-game actions available to a specific player in a game instance associated with that player may be a subset, superset, or independent of the set of in-game actions available to that player in a game instance that is not associated with him. As an example and not by way of limitation, a first player may be associated with Blackacre Farm in an online farming game. The first player may be able to plant crops on Blackacre Farm. If the first player accesses game instance associated with another player, such as Whiteacre Farm, the game engine may not allow the first player to plant crops in that game instance. However, other in-game actions may be available to the first player, such as watering or fertilizing crops on Whiteacre Farm.

In particular embodiments, a game engine can interface with a social graph. Social graphs are models of connections between entities (e.g., individuals, users, contacts, friends, players, player characters, non-player characters, businesses, groups, associations, concepts, etc.). These entities are considered “users” of the social graph; as such, the terms “entity” and “user” may be used interchangeably when referring to social graphs herein. A social graph can have a node for each entity and edges to represent relationships between entities. A node in a social graph can represent any entity. In particular embodiments, a unique client identifier can be assigned to each user in the social graph. This disclosure assumes that at least one entity of a social graph is a player or player character in an online multiplayer game.

The minimum number of edges required to connect a player (or player character) to another user is considered the degree of separation between them. For example, where the player and the user are directly connected (one edge), they are deemed to be separated by one degree of separation. The user would be a so-called “first-degree friend” of the player. Where the player and the user are connected through one other user (two edges), they are deemed to be separated by two degrees of separation. This user would be a so-called “second-degree friend” of the player. Where the player and the user are connected through N edges (or N−1 other users), they are deemed to be separated by N degrees of separation. This user would be a so-called “Nth-degree friend.” As used herein, the term “friend” means only first-degree friends, unless context suggests otherwise.

Within the social graph, each player (or player character) has a social network. A player's social network includes all users in the social graph within Nmax degrees of the player, where Nmax is the maximum degree of separation allowed by the system managing the social graph (such as, for example, social networking system 120 a or game networking system 120 b). In one embodiment, Nmax equals 1, such that the player's social network includes only first-degree friends. In another embodiment, Nmax is unlimited and the player's social network is coextensive with the social graph.

In particular embodiments, the social graph is managed by game networking system 120 b, which is managed by the game operator. In other embodiments, the social graph is part of a social networking system 120 a managed by a third-party (e.g., Facebook, Myspace). In yet other embodiments, player 101 has a social network on both game networking system 120 b and social networking system 120 a, wherein player 101 can have a social network on the game networking system 120 b that is a subset, superset, or independent of the player's social network on social networking system 120 a. In such combined systems, game networking system 120 b can maintain social graph information with edge type attributes that indicate whether a given friend is an “in-game friend,” an “out-of-game friend,” or both. The various embodiments disclosed herein are operable when the social graph is managed by social networking system 120 a, game networking system 120 b, or both.

FIG. 2A shows an example of a social network 200 within a social graph. As shown, Player 206 can be associated, connected or linked to various other users, or “friends,” within the social network 200. These associations, connections or links can track relationships between users within the social network 200 and are commonly referred to as online “friends” or “friendships” between users. Each friend or friendship in a particular user's social network within a social graph is commonly referred to as a “node.” For purposes of illustration and not by way of limitation, the details of social network 200 will be described in relation to Player 206. As used herein, the terms “player” and “user” can be used interchangeably and can refer to any user or character in an online multiuser game system or social networking system. As used herein, the term “friend” can mean any node within a player's social network.

As shown in FIG. 2A, Player 206 has direct connections with several friends. When Player 206 has a direct connection with another individual, that connection is referred to as a first-degree friend. In social network 200, Player 206 has two first-degree friends. That is, Player 206 is directly connected to Friend 208 and Friend 210. In a social graph, it is possible for individuals to be connected to other individuals through their first-degree friends (i.e., friends of friends). As described above, each edge required to connect a player to another user is considered the degree of separation. For example, FIG. 2A shows that Player 206 has three second-degree friends to which he is connected via his connection to his first-degree friends. Second-degree Friend 216 and Friend 218 are connected to Player 206 via his first-degree Friend 208. The limit on the depth of friend connections, or the number of degrees of separation for associations, that Player 206 is allowed is typically dictated by the restrictions and policies implemented by social networking system 120 a.

In various embodiments, Player 206 can have Nth-degree friends connected to him through a chain of intermediary degree friends as indicated in FIG. 2A. For example, Nth-degree Friend 1N 226 is connected to Player 206 via second-degree Friend 220 and one or more other higher-degree friends. Various embodiments may take advantage of and utilize the distinction between the various degrees of friendship relative to Player 206.

In particular embodiments, a player (or player character) can have a social graph within an online multiplayer game that is maintained by the game engine and another social graph maintained by a separate social networking system. FIG. 2A depicts an example of in-game social network 224 and out-of-game social network 228. In this example, Player 206 has out-of-game connections 204 to a plurality of friends, forming out-of-game social network 228. Here, Friend 208 and Friend 210 are first-degree friends with Player 206 in his out-of-game social network 228. Player 206 also has in-game connections 202 to a plurality of players, forming in-game social network 224. Here, Friend 212 and Friend 214 are first-degree friends with Player 206 in his in-game social network 224. Friend 222 is a second-degree friend with Player 206 in his in-game social network 224. In some embodiments, it is possible for a friend to be in both the out-of-game social network 228 and the in-game social network 224. Here, Friend 210 has both an out-of-game connection 204 and an in-game connection 202 with Player 206, such that Friend 210 is in both Player 206's in-game social network 224 and Player 206's out-of-game social network 228.

As with other social networks, Player 206 can have second-degree and higher-degree friends in both his in-game and out of game social networks. In some embodiments, it is possible for Player 206 to have a friend connected to him both in his in-game and out-of-game social networks, wherein the friend is at different degrees of separation in each network. For example, if Friend 218 had a direct in-game connection with Player 206, Friend 218 would be a second-degree friend in Player 206's out-of-game social network 228, but a first-degree friend in Player 206's in-game social network 224. In particular embodiments, a game engine can access in-game social network 224, out-of-game social network 228, or both.

In particular embodiments, the connections in a player's in-game social network can be formed both explicitly (e.g., users must “friend” each other) and implicitly (e.g., system observes user behaviors and “friends” users to each other). Unless otherwise indicated, reference to a friend connection between two or more players can be interpreted to cover both explicit and implicit connections, using one or more social graphs and other factors to infer friend connections. The friend connections can be unidirectional or bidirectional. It is also not a limitation of this description that two players who are deemed “friends” for the purposes of this disclosure are not friends in real life (i.e., in disintermediated interactions or the like), but that could be the case.

FIG. 2B illustrates another example social graph 230. In one embodiment, a player or user 236 includes a social network of friends that may also be players in the online game or in other games from an online gaming network. The ASN of the user 236 comprises ASN friends 238. ASN friends 238 are friends in the user's 236 social network with whom the user 236 has communicated via closed social interaction loops (e.g., visits, messages). In one embodiment, a message is defined as one user sending a message to another user within a duration window (for example, one week). In one embodiment, ASN duration represents a window of time that has at least one send-send relationship between users. An ASN recency represents how long ago the duration window was.

The message may include any social interaction message action initiated from a user to another user (for example, an e-mail related or unrelated to an online game of the gaming network, a text message, a chat message, a video message, and so forth).

The closed social interaction loop means that an ASN friend 238 has sent a message to the user 236. In response, the user 236 sends a message back to the ASN friend 238. Alternatively, the closed social interaction loop may also occur when the user 236 sends a message to an ASN friend 238. In response, the ASN friend 238 sends a message back to the user 236. In other words, the ASN of the user 236 includes people with whom the user 236 has had at least one closed social interaction loop, for example, in the last week.

In another embodiment, the type of message sent from the user 236 or from an ASN friend 238 may have different weight in determining the closed social interaction loop for the ASN of the user 236. For example, a closed social interaction loop comprising a personal message written from a first player to a second player and a custom reply written from the second player to the first player may weigh more than a closed social interaction loop with a template message from the first player to the second player wherein the second player clicked on a button in the received template message to reply. In other words, personalized messages written by a player may weigh more towards determining the ASN of a player than standard template messages.

In another embodiment, communications between the players are analyzed and weigh differently according to their impact. For example, some communications may be excluded while others may be included in the ASN analysis according to their expected social value.

Non-ASN clicker 240 includes users who are not in the ASN of the user 236, who have clicked (or opened) messages received from the user 236, and who have not closed the social interaction loop by replying back or sending a message back to the user 236 in response to a message from the user 236.

Non-ASN sender 234 includes users who are not in the ASN of the user 236, who have sent messages to the user 236, and who have not closed the social interaction loop because the user 236 has not replied to their messages. In one embodiment, the ASN duration and the ASN recency are respectively seven days.

Non-ASN friend 232 includes users that do not communicate (zero messages) with the user 236, but are included in the social network of the user 236 and may be active players of the game network system.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example data flow between the components of a system 300. In particular embodiments, the system 300 can include a client system 330, a social networking system 320 a, and a game networking system 320 b. The components of the system 300 can be connected to each other in any suitable configuration, using any suitable type of connection. The components may be connected directly or over any suitable network. The client system 330, the social networking system 320 a, and the game networking system 320 b can each have one or more corresponding data stores such as local data store 325, social data store 345, and game data store 365, respectively. The social networking system 320 a and the game networking system 320 b can also have one or more servers that can communicate with the client system 330 over an appropriate network. The social networking system 320 a and the game networking system 320 b can have, for example, one or more internet servers for communicating with the client system 330 via the Internet. Similarly, the social networking system 320 a and the game networking system 320 b can have one or more mobile servers for communicating with the client system 330 via a mobile network (e.g., GSM, PCS, Wi-Fi, WPAN, etc.). In some embodiments, one server may be able to communicate with the client system 330 over both the Internet and a mobile network. In other embodiments, separate servers can be used.

The client system 330 can receive and transmit data 323 to and from the game networking system 320 b. This data can include, for example, webpages, messages, game inputs, game displays, HTTP packets, data requests, transaction information, updates, and other suitable data. At some other time, or at the same time, the game networking system 320 b can communicate data 347 (e.g., game state information, game system account information, page info, messages, data requests, updates, etc.) with other networking systems, such as the social networking system 320 a (e.g., Facebook, Myspace, etc.). The client system 330 can also receive and transmit data 327 to and from the social networking system 320 a. This data can include, for example, webpages, messages, social graph information, social network displays, HTTP packets, data requests, transaction information, updates, and other suitable data.

Communication between the client system 330, the social networking system 320 a, and the game networking system 320 b can occur over any appropriate electronic communication medium or network using any suitable communications protocols. For example, the client system 330, as well as various servers of the systems described herein, may include Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networking stacks to provide for datagram and transport functions. Of course, any other suitable network and transport layer protocols can be utilized.

In addition, hosts or end-systems described herein may use a variety of higher layer communications protocols, including client-server (or request-response) protocols (such as HTTP), other communications protocols (such as HTTP-S, FTP, SNMP, TELNET), and a number of other protocols. In addition, a server in one interaction context may be a client in another interaction context. In particular embodiments, the information transmitted between hosts may be formatted as HyperText Markup Language (HTML) documents. Other structured document languages or formats can be used, such as XML and the like. Executable code objects, such as JavaScript and ActionScript, can also be embedded in the structured documents.

In some client-server protocols, such as the use of HTML over HTTP, a server generally transmits a response to a request from a client. The response may comprise one or more data objects. For example, the response may comprise a first data object, followed by subsequently transmitted data objects. In particular embodiments, a client request may cause a server to respond with a first data object, such as an HTML page, which itself refers to other data objects. A client application, such as a browser, will request these additional data objects as it parses or otherwise processes the first data object.

In particular embodiments, an instance of an online game can be stored as a set of game state parameters that characterize the state of various in-game objects, such as, for example, player character state parameters, non-player character parameters, and virtual item parameters. In particular embodiments, game state is maintained in a database as a serialized, unstructured string of text data as a so-called Binary Large Object (BLOB). When a player accesses an online game on the game networking system 320 b, the BLOB containing the game state for the instance corresponding to the player can be transmitted to the client system 330 for use by a client-side executed object to process. In particular embodiments, the client-side executable may be a FLASH-based game, which can de-serialize the game state data in the BLOB. As a player plays the game, the game logic implemented at the client system 330 maintains and modifies the various game state parameters locally. The client-side game logic may also batch game events, such as mouse clicks, and transmit these events to the game networking system 320 b. The game networking system 320 b may itself operate by retrieving a copy of the BLOB from a database or an intermediate memory cache (memcache) layer. The game networking system 320 b can also de-serialize the BLOB to resolve the game state parameters and execute its own game logic based on the events in the batch file of events transmitted by the client to synchronize the game state on the server side. The game networking system 320 b may then re-serialize the game state, now modified, into a BLOB and pass this to a memory cache layer for lazy updates to a persistent database.

With a client-server environment in which the online games may run, one server system, such as the game networking system 320 b, may support multiple client systems 330. At any given time, there may be multiple players at multiple client systems 330 all playing the same online game. In practice, the number of players playing the same game at the same time may be very large. As the game progresses with each player, multiple players may provide different inputs to the online game at their respective client systems 330, and multiple client systems 330 may transmit multiple player inputs and/or game events to game networking system 320 b for further processing. In addition, multiple client systems 330 may transmit other types of application data to game networking system 320 b.

In particular embodiments, a computer-implemented game may be a text-based or turn-based game implemented as a series of web pages that are generated after a player selects one or more actions to perform. The web pages may be displayed in a browser client executed on the client system 330. As an example and not by way of limitation, a client application downloaded to the client system 330 may operate to serve a set of web pages to a player. As another example and not by way of limitation, a computer-implemented game may be an animated or rendered game executable as a stand-alone application or within the context of a webpage or other structured document. In particular embodiments, the computer-implemented game may be implemented using Adobe Flash-based technologies. As an example and not by way of limitation, a game may be fully or partially implemented as a SWF object that is embedded in a web page and executable by a Flash media player plug-in. In particular embodiments, one or more described webpages may be associated with or accessed by the social networking system 320 a. This disclosure contemplates using any suitable application for the retrieval and rendering of structured documents hosted by any suitable network-addressable resource or website.

Application event data of a game is any data relevant to the game (e.g., player inputs). In particular embodiments, each application datum may have a name and a value, and the value of the application datum may change (i.e., be updated) at any time. When an update to an application datum occurs at the client system 330, either caused by an action of a game player or by the game logic itself, the client system 330 may need to inform the game networking system 320 b of the update. For example, if the game is a farming game with a harvest mechanic (such as Zynga FarmVille), an event can correspond to a player clicking on a parcel of land to harvest a crop. In such an instance, the application event data may identify an event or action (e.g., harvest) and an object in the game to which the event or action applies. For illustration purposes and not by way of limitation, the system 300 is discussed in reference to updating a multi-player online game hosted on a network-addressable system (such as, for example, the social networking system 320 a or the game networking system 320 b), where an instance of the online game is executed remotely on the client system 330, which then transmits application event data to the hosting system such that the remote game server synchronizes game state associated with the instance executed by the client system 330.

In a particular embodiment, one or more objects of a game may be represented as an Adobe Flash object. Flash may manipulate vector and raster graphics and support bidirectional streaming of audio and video. “Flash” may mean the authoring environment, the player, or the application files. In particular embodiments, the client system 330 may include a Flash client. The Flash client may be configured to receive and run Flash application or game object code from any suitable networking system (such as, for example, the social networking system 320 a or the game networking system 320 b). In particular embodiments, the Flash client may be run in a browser client executed on the client system 330. A player can interact with Flash objects using the client system 330 and the Flash client. The Flash objects can represent a variety of in-game objects. Thus, the player may perform various in-game actions on various in-game objects by making various changes and updates to the associated Flash objects. In particular embodiments, in-game actions can be initiated by clicking or similarly interacting with a Flash object that represents a particular in-game object. For example, a player can interact with a Flash object to use, move, rotate, delete, attack, shoot, or harvest an in-game object. This disclosure contemplates performing any suitable in-game action by interacting with any suitable Flash object. In particular embodiments, when the player makes a change to a Flash object representing an in-game object, the client-executed game logic may update one or more game state parameters associated with the in-game object. To ensure synchronization between the Flash object shown to the player at the client system 330, the Flash client may send the events that caused the game state changes to the in-game object to the game networking system 320 b. However, to expedite the processing and hence the speed of the overall gaming experience, the Flash client may collect a batch of some number of events or updates into a batch file. The number of events or updates may be determined by the Flash client dynamically or determined by game networking system 320 b based on server loads or other factors. For example, the client system 330 may send a batch file to the game networking system 320 b whenever several updates have been collected or after a threshold period of time, such as every minute.

As used herein, the term “application event data” may refer to any data relevant to a computer-implemented game application that may affect one or more game state parameters, including, for example and without limitation, changes to player data or metadata, changes to player social connections or contacts, player inputs to the game, and events generated by the game logic. In particular embodiments, each application datum may have a name and a value. The value of an application datum may change at any time in response to the game play of a player or in response to the game engine (e.g., based on the game logic). In particular embodiments, an application data update occurs when the value of a specific application datum is changed. In particular embodiments, each application event datum may include an action or event name and a value (such as an object identifier). Thus, each application datum may be represented as a name-value pair in the batch file. The batch file may include a collection of name-value pairs representing the application data that have been updated at the client system 330. In particular embodiments, the batch file may be a text file and the name-value pairs may be in string format.

In particular embodiments, when a player plays an online game on the client system 330, the game networking system 320 b may serialize all the game-related data, including, for example and without limitation, game states, game events, and user inputs for this particular user and this particular game into a BLOB and store the BLOB in a database. The BLOB may be associated with an identifier that indicates that the BLOB contains the serialized game-related data for a particular player and a particular online game. In particular embodiments, while a player is not playing the online game, the corresponding BLOB may be stored in the database. This enables a player to stop playing the game at any time without losing the current state of the game the player is in. When a player resumes playing the game next time, the game networking system 320 b may retrieve the corresponding BLOB from the database to determine the most recent values of the game-related data. In particular embodiments, while a player is playing the online game, the game networking system 320 b may also load the corresponding BLOB into a memory cache so that the game system may have faster access to the BLOB and the game-related data contained therein.

A game event may be an outcome of an engagement, a provision of access, rights and/or benefits, or the obtaining of some assets (e.g., health, money, strength, inventory, land, etc.). A game engine determines the outcome of a game event according to a variety of factors, such as the game rules, a player character's in-game actions, player character state, game state, interactions of other player characters, and random calculations. Engagements can include simple tasks (e.g., plant a crop, clean a stove), complex tasks (e.g., build a farm or business, run a café), or other events.

An online game can be hosted by the game networking system 320 b, which can be accessed over any suitable network with an appropriate client system 330. A player may have a game system account on a game system of the game networking system 320 b, wherein the game system account can contain a variety of information about the player (e.g., the player's personal information, player character state, game state, etc.). In various embodiments, an online game can be embedded into a third-party website. The game can be hosted by the networking system of the third-party website, or it can be hosted on the game networking system 320 b and merely accessed via the third-party website. The embedded online game can be hosted solely on a server of the game networking system 320 b or using a third-party vendor server. In addition, any combination of the functions of the present disclosure can be hosted on or provided from any number of distributed network resources. For example, one or more executable code objects that implement all or a portion of the game can be downloaded to a client system for execution.

An ASN system 301 communicates with the social networking system 320 a and the game networking system 320 b. An API may be provided to interface both social networking system 320 a and the game networking system 320 b with the ASN system 301. The ASN system 301 may be configured to analyze data including, for example, a communication history of players of the game networking system 320 b and social networking system 320 a including frequency and types of interactions in order to determine the retention in an online game of the game networking system 320 b and the retention of a player of an online game of the game networking system 320 b.

In another embodiment, the ASN system 301 analyzes the communication of players from the game networking system 320 b and/or the communication of friends from the social networking system 320 a.

Based on the analysis of the data, the ASN system 301 generates a recommendation on how to improve retention for an online game and/or for a player of an online game to keep the player engaged in the online game. In one embodiment, the ASN system 301 provides metrics to enable the game networking system 320 b to gauge the game retention of an online game of the game networking system 320 b. The game retention of the online game represents a measure of how many players keep coming back to the online game to continue playing within a period (e.g, a week, a month, and so forth). Recommendations may include recommending targeted players to send a message, a virtual gift, or a request to other predetermined players or friends. For example, a recommendation may include requesting one or more friends to join in on an online mission in the online game or in another online game. In another example, the player can send virtual gifts to one or more friends in an online game to keep them engaged. In another example, the player may send a request to other players to help select items in a restaurant menu.

FIG. 4A illustrates one embodiment of the ASN system 301. The ASN system 301 includes a communication analysis module 402, a communication tracking metrics module 404, a retention analysis module 406, a retention recommendation module 408, and a storage device 410 for storing communication history of players of an online game of the game networking system 320 b. The storage device 410 may store communication data from game networking system 320 b and/or from social networking system 320 a.

The communication analysis module 402 retrieves a communication history of players of an online game from the storage device 410. The communication history may include communication logs of all players of the online game. For example, the communication logs may include, but are not limited to, date, time, type of messages (email, invitations, requests, and so forth), online game identification, number of friends from social networking system 320 a, number of friends from game networking system 320 b, and recipients, among others. In one embodiment, the communication analysis module 402 includes a game communication analysis module 412 and a player communication analysis module 414. The game communication analysis module 412 retrieves a log of communications among all players of the online game within a predetermined duration, for example, within the last week. As such, the game communication analysis module 412 determines as a whole what messages and how many messages were sent and received between players of the online game. In other words, the game communication analysis module 412 focuses on all players' communications with respect to a specific online game of the game networking system 320 b. The player communication analysis module 414 retrieves a log of communications between a player of the online game and other players within the predetermined duration, for example, within the last week. As such, the player communication analysis module 414 determines what messages and how many messages were sent and received to and from a specific player of the online game. In other words, the player communication analysis module 414 focuses on communications for a specific player of the online game of the game networking system 320 b.

The communication tracking metrics module 404 generates communication tracking metrics based on the communication history of players of the online game. The communication tracking metrics may track communications of all players of an online game with a game communication tracking metrics module 416 and communications of a particular player of the online game with a player communication tracking metrics module 418.

The game communication tracking metrics module 416 generates game communication tracking metrics for the online game based on the log of communications among all players of the online game within the predetermined duration. FIG. 4B illustrates an example of a game communication tracking metrics module 416 that includes a Sustaining Active Social Network (SASN) module 428, a Percent Actively Social (PAS) module 430, and a Percent Actively one friend module (PA1) 432.

The SASN module 428 computes a size of a SASN of the online game. The size of a SASN is the size of an ASN that corresponds to greater retention in a game, owing to the support of an active set of friends in the game. This is based on the median number of friends with whom a Non-Quitter has social loops on a regular basis. This varies game by game and is refreshed periodically, for example, once a quarter.

The PAS module 430 computes a percentage of players who have an ASN at least at large as the SASN for the online game in a trailing predefined number of days.

The PA1 module 432 computes a percentage of players who have an ASN with at least one friend in the trailing predefined number of days.

The game communication tracking metrics module 416 may further compute the following metrics:

-   an average ASN Size: the ASN size for a user is the count of     distinct friends with whom that user forms at least one social loop     in the trailing seven days. The Average ASN Size is the average     across all users in the playing base for that game. -   an average ASN Activity: the ASN Activity for a user is the count of     the total number of completed social loops a user has in the     trailing seven day period, summed over all the friends in a user's     ASN. The Average ASN Activity is the average across all users in the     playing base for that game.

The player communication tracking metrics module 418 generates player communication tracking metrics for the player based on the log of communications between the player and other players of the online game within the predetermined duration. FIG. 4C illustrates an example of player communication tracking metrics module 418 that includes a Sustaining Active Social Network (SASN) module 434, an ASN size module 436, and an ASN activity module 438.

The Sustaining Active Social Network (SASN) module 434 computes a size of a SASN of the online game. The size of a healthy social network—one that supports retention—is called the Sustaining Active Social Network (SASN). This number varies by online game. The size of the SASN includes the size of an ASN that corresponds to greater retention in an online game, owing to the support of an active set of friends in the online game. This number is based on the median number of friends with whom a non-quitting player has social loops on a regular basis. In one embodiment, the size of the SASN of an online game is the median size of ASN of players in the online game. Thus, the size of the SASN varies game by game and is refreshed periodically, for example, once a month, or a quarter.

The ASN size module 436 computes a size of an ASN of the player in a trailing predefined number of days. The size of the ASN of a player includes the count of distinct friends with whom that player forms at least one social loop in a trailing predefined number of days, for example, one week. For example, the size of the ASN for a player that has communicated (sent and received messages/chat) with four friends in the online game over the last week is four.

The ASN activity module 438 computes a count of completed social loops of the player in the trailing predefined number of days. The ASN Activity for a player is the count of the total number of completed social loops the player has in the trailing predefined number of days, summed over all the friends in a player's ASN. For example, player A has 1 social loop with player B, 4 social loops with player C, 3 social loops with player D within the last week. The ASN size of Player A is thus 3. The ASN activity of Player A is thus 8 (1+4+3).

Referring again to FIG. 4A, the retention analysis module 406 performs a retention analysis with the communication tracking metrics. In one embodiment, the retention analysis module 406 includes a game retention analysis module 420 to focus on all players of the online game, and a player retention analysis module 422 to focus on a player of the online game.

The game retention analysis module 420 performs a game retention analysis for the online game with the game communication tracking metrics. The game retention analysis includes, for example, comparing the size of the SASN of an online game with the size of the SASN of another online game, tracking the size of the SASN of an online game over a period of time, comparing the PAS of the online game with the PAS of another online game, tracking the PAS of an online game over a period of time, comparing the PA1 of the online game with the PA1 of another online game, and tracking the PA1 of the online game over a period of time. In one embodiment, the game retention analysis module 420 may generate a game tracking metrics dashboard to the game networking system 320 b.

The player retention analysis module 422 performs a player retention analysis for the player with the player communication tracking metrics. The player retention analysis includes, for example, comparing the size of the ASN of a player of an online game with the size of the SASN of the online game, tracking the size of the ASN of a player over a period of time, tracking the identity of friends in the ASN of a player, computing the average size of the ASN of a player over a period of time, determining the ASN size of the player within a predetermined amount of time from initial registration (for detecting early engagement). In one embodiment, the player retention analysis module 422 may generate a player tracking metrics dashboard to the game networking system 320 b.

The retention recommendation module 408 generates a retention recommendation based on the retention analysis. In one embodiment, the retention recommendation module 408 includes a game retention recommendation module 424 and a player retention recommendation module 426.

The game retention recommendation module 424 generates a game retention recommendation for the online game based on the game retention analysis. The game retention recommendation can include recommendations to a game networking system for increasing retention of players for the online game. For example, the game retention recommendation may include notifying the game networking system of a decline in the size of the SASN of the online game along with recommended steps to facilitate social interactions and engagement of players with the online game. The recommended steps may include, for example, encouraging players with an ASN size less than the SASN size of an online game to offer gifts to other players, to help other players, to reward other players, to ask for help from other players, to invite other players to be their online game neighbors or friends, and so forth. In another example, the recommended steps may include encouraging players with an ASN size less than the average ASN size of an online game to offer gifts to other players. In another example, the recommended steps may also include encouraging players with an ASN activity less than the average ASN activity of an online game to offer gifts to other players. In another example, players with an ASN size larger than the SASN size of an online game may be encouraged to offer gifts to other players with a lower ASN size.

The player retention recommendation module 426 generates a player retention recommendation for the player based on the player retention analysis. The player retention recommendation can include recommendations to a game networking system for increasing retention of the players for the online game. For example, the player retention recommendation may include notifying the game networking system of a decline in the size of the ASN of a player of the online game in comparison to the size of the SASN of the online game along with recommended steps to facilitate social interactions and engagement of the player with the online game. The recommended steps may include, for example, encouraging the player with an ASN size less than the SASN size of the online game to offer gifts to other players, to help other players, to reward other players, to ask for help from other players, to invite other players to be their online game neighbors or friends, and so forth. In another example, the player with an ASN size larger than the SASN size of an online game may be encouraged to offer gifts to other players with a lower ASN size.

FIG. 5A is a flow diagram 500 illustrating one example embodiment of a method for an ASN system. At operation 502, a communication history of players of an online game is retrieved from a storage device. At operation 504, communication tracking metrics are generated based on the communication history of the players of the online game. At operation 506, a retention analysis is performed with the communication tracking metrics. At operation 508, a retention recommendation is generated based on the retention analysis.

FIG. 5B is a flow diagram 510 illustrating one example embodiment of a method for an ASN system for an online game. At operation 512, a log of communications among all players of the online game within a predetermined duration is retrieved. At operation 514, game communication tracking metrics for the online game are generated based on the log of communications among all players of the online game within the predetermined duration. At operation 516, a game retention analysis is performed for the online game with the game communication tracking metrics. At operation 518, a game retention recommendation for the online game is generated based on the game retention analysis. The game retention recommendation includes recommendations to a game networking system for increasing retention of players for the online game.

FIG. 5C is a flow diagram 520 illustrating one example embodiment of a method for an ASN system for a player of an online game. At operation 522, a log of communications between a player and other players of the online game within a predetermined duration is retrieved. At operation 524, player communication tracking metrics for the player are generated based on the log of communications between the player and other players of the online game within the predetermined duration. At operation 526, a player retention analysis for the player is performed with the player communication tracking metrics. At operation 528, a player retention recommendation for the player is generated based on the player retention analysis. The player retention recommendation includes recommendations to a player networking system for increasing retention of the player for the online game.

FIG. 5D is a flow diagram 530 illustrating one example embodiment of game tracking metrics of an online game. At operation 532, a size of a Sustaining Active Social Network (SASN) is determined for the online game. At operation 534, a Percent Actively Social (PAS) metric for a percentage of players who have an ASN at least at large as the SASN for the online game in a trailing predefined number of days is computed. At operation 536, a Percent Actively one friend metric (PA1) for a percentage of players who have an ASN with at least one friend in the trailing predefined number of days is computed.

FIG. 5E is a flow diagram 540 illustrating one example embodiment of player tracking metrics for a player of an online game. At operation 542, a size of SASN of the online game is determined. At operation 544, an ASN size of the player in a trailing predefined number of days is computed. At operation 546, a count of completed social loops (ASN activity) of the player in the trailing predefined number of days is computed.

FIG. 5F is a flow diagram 550 illustrating another example embodiment of a method for an ASN system. At operation 552, a size of a SASN for an online game is determined. The size of the SASN includes the size of a social network that supports retention of players in the online game. At operation 554, a size of an ASN of a player of the online game is computed. The size of the ASN of the player includes the number of distinct friends with whom the player forms at least one social loop in a trailing predefined number of days. At operation 556, the retention recommendation for the player is generated based on a comparison of the size of the ASN of the player with the size of the SASN for the online game.

In another embodiment, the average ASN size of all players of the online game in the trailing predefined number of days and the average ASN activity of completed social loops of all players of the online game in the trailing predefined number of days are computed. The retention recommendation for the player is generated based on the average ASN size and the average ASN activity.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example network environment 600 in which various example embodiments may operate. In particular embodiments, one or more described webpages may be associated with a networking system or networking service. However, alternate embodiments may have application to the retrieval and rendering of structured documents hosted by any type of network-addressable resource or web site. Additionally, as used herein, a user may be an individual, a group, or an entity (such as a business or third-party application).

Network cloud 660 generally represents one or more interconnected networks, over which the systems and hosts described herein can communicate. Network cloud 660 may include packet-based wide area networks (such as the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, satellite networks, cellular networks, paging networks, and the like. As FIG. 6 illustrates, particular embodiments may operate in a network environment 600 comprising one or more networking systems, such as social networking system 620 a, game networking system 620 b, and one or more client systems 630. The components of social networking system 620 a and game networking system 620 b operate analogously; as such, hereinafter they may be referred to simply as networking system 620. Client systems 630 are operably connected to the network environment 600 via a network service provider, a wireless carrier, or any other suitable means.

Networking system 620 is a network addressable system that, in various example embodiments, comprises one or more physical servers 622 and data stores 624. The one or more physical servers 622 are operably connected to network cloud 660 via, by way of example, a set of routers and/or networking switches 626. In an example embodiment, the functionality hosted by the one or more physical servers 622 may include web or HTTP servers, FTP servers, as well as, without limitation, webpages and applications implemented using Common Gateway Interface (CGI) script, PHP Hyper-text Preprocessor (PHP), Active Server Pages (ASP), HTML, XML, Java, JavaScript, Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX), Flash, ActionScript, and the like.

Physical servers 622 may host functionality directed to the operations of networking system 620. Hereinafter, servers 622 may be referred to as server 622, although server 622 may include numerous servers hosting, for example, networking system 620, as well as other content distribution servers, data stores, and databases. Data store 624 may store content and data relating to, and enabling, operation of networking system 620 as digital data objects. A data object, in particular embodiments, is an item of digital information typically stored or embodied in a data file, database, or record. Content objects may take many forms, including: text (e.g., ASCII, SGML, HTML), images (e.g., jpeg, tif and gif), graphics (vector-based or bitmap), audio, video (e.g., mpeg), or other multimedia, and combinations thereof. Content object data may also include executable code objects (e.g., games executable within a browser window or frame), podcasts, and the like. Logically, data store 624 corresponds to one or more of a variety of separate and integrated databases, such as relational databases and object-oriented databases, that maintain information as an integrated collection of logically related records or files stored on one or more physical systems. Structurally, data store 624 may generally include one or more of a large class of data storage and management systems. In particular embodiments, data store 624 may be implemented by any suitable physical system(s) including components such as one or more database servers, mass storage media, media library systems, storage area networks, data storage clouds, and the like. In one example embodiment, data store 624 includes one or more servers, databases (e.g., MySQL), and/or data warehouses. Data store 624 may include data associated with different networking system 620 users and/or client systems 630.

Client system 630 is generally a computer or computing device including functionality for communicating (e.g., remotely) over a computer network. Client system 630 may be a desktop computer, laptop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), in- or out-of-car navigation system, smart phone or other cellular or mobile phone, or mobile gaming device, among other suitable computing devices. Client system 630 may execute one or more client applications, such as a web browser (e.g., Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Safari, Google Chrome, and Opera), to access and view content over a computer network. In particular embodiments, the client applications allow a user of client system 630 to enter addresses of specific network resources to be retrieved, such as resources hosted by networking system 620. These addresses can be Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) and the like. In addition, once a page or other resource has been retrieved, the client applications may provide access to other pages or records when the user “clicks” on hyperlinks to other resources. By way of example, such hyperlinks may be located within the webpages and provide an automated way for the user to enter the URL of another page and to retrieve that page.

A webpage or resource embedded within a webpage, which may itself include multiple embedded resources, may include data records, such as plain textual information, or more complex digitally encoded multimedia content, such as software programs or other code objects, graphics, images, audio signals, videos, and so forth. One prevalent markup language for creating webpages is HTML. Other common web browser-supported languages and technologies include XML, the Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML), JavaScript, Flash, ActionScript, Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), and, frequently, Java. By way of example, HTML enables a page developer to create a structured document by denoting structural semantics for text and links, as well as images, web applications, and other objects that can be embedded within the page. Generally, a webpage may be delivered to a client as a static document; however, through the use of web elements embedded in the page, an interactive experience may be achieved with the page or a sequence of pages. During a user session at the client, the web browser interprets and displays the pages and associated resources received or retrieved from the website hosting the page, as well as, potentially, resources from other websites.

When a user at a client system 630 desires to view a particular webpage (hereinafter also referred to as target structured document) hosted by networking system 620, the user's web browser, or other document rendering engine or suitable client application, formulates and transmits a request to networking system 620. The request generally includes a URL or other document identifier as well as metadata or other information. By way of example, the request may include information identifying the user, such as a user ID, as well as information identifying or characterizing the web browser or operating system running on the user's client system 630. The request may also include location information identifying a geographic location of the user's client system 630 or a logical network location of the user's client system 630. The request may also include a timestamp identifying when the request was transmitted.

Although the example network environment 600 described above and illustrated in FIG. 6 is described with respect to social networking system 620 a and game networking system 620 b, this disclosure encompasses any suitable network environment using any suitable systems. As an example and not by way of limitation, the network environment may include online media systems, online reviewing systems, online search engines, online advertising systems, or any combination of two or more such systems.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example computing system architecture, which may be used to implement a server 622 or a client system 630. In one embodiment, hardware system 700 comprises a processor 702, a cache memory 704, and one or more executable modules and drivers, stored on a tangible computer-readable medium, directed to the functions described herein. Additionally, hardware system 700 may include a high performance input/output (I/O) bus 706 and a standard I/O bus 708. A host bridge 710 may couple processor 702 to high performance I/O bus 706, whereas I/O bus bridge 712 couples the two buses 706 and 708 to each other. A system memory 714 and one or more network/communication interfaces 716 may couple to bus 706. Hardware system 700 may further include video memory (not shown) and a display device coupled to the video memory. Mass storage 718 and I/O ports 720 may couple to bus 708. Hardware system 700 may optionally include a keyboard, a pointing device, and a display device (not shown) coupled to bus 708. Collectively, these elements are intended to represent a broad category of computer hardware systems, including but not limited to general purpose computer systems based on the x86-compatible processors manufactured by Intel Corporation of Santa Clara, Calif., and the x86-compatible processors manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), Inc., of Sunnyvale, Calif., as well as any other suitable processor.

The elements of hardware system 700 are described in greater detail below. In particular, network interface 716 provides communication between hardware system 700 and any of a wide range of networks, such as an Ethernet (e.g., IEEE 802.3) network, a backplane, and the like. Mass storage 718 provides permanent storage for the data and programming instructions to perform the above-described functions implemented in servers 622, whereas system memory 714 (e.g., DRAM) provides temporary storage for the data and programming instructions when executed by processor 702. I/O ports 720 are one or more serial and/or parallel communication ports that provide communication between additional peripheral devices, which may be coupled to hardware system 700.

Hardware system 700 may include a variety of system architectures, and various components of hardware system 700 may be rearranged. For example, cache 704 may be on-chip with processor 702. Alternatively, cache 704 and processor 702 may be packed together as a “processor module,” with processor 702 being referred to as the “processor core.” Furthermore, certain embodiments of the present disclosure may not require nor include all of the above components. For example, the peripheral devices shown coupled to standard I/O bus 708 may couple to high performance I/O bus 706. In addition, in some embodiments, only a single bus may exist, with the components of hardware system 700 being coupled to the single bus. Furthermore, hardware system 700 may include additional components, such as additional processors, storage devices, or memories.

An operating system manages and controls the operation of hardware system 700, including the input and output of data to and from software applications (not shown). The operating system provides an interface between the software applications being executed on the hardware system 700 and the hardware components of the system 700. Any suitable operating system may be used, such as the LINUX Operating System, the Apple Macintosh Operating System, available from Apple Computer Inc. of Cupertino, Calif., UNIX operating systems, Microsoft® Windows® operating systems, BSD operating systems, and the like. Of course, other embodiments are possible. For example, the functions described herein may be implemented in firmware or on an application-specific integrated circuit.

Café World Example

Café World is an online game from Zynga Inc., a California-based company. The ASN system may generate a recommendation to increase a player social interaction with the online game and friends of the online game. For example, the recommendation may include showing to a player which of his/her friends have been playing Café (and what they have been doing in the game) and prompts the player to send gifts to these friends in an effort to increase the player's ASN size.

Catering Orders are fairly similar to Farm's co-op feature: one gets a catering order where one has to cook x amount of a few different dishes and also collect items from friends. Collecting the items is request-based and one can also ask his/her friends to join his/her catering crew, so the whole feature is request-based and viral. The feature helps increase ASN size for users. Users add each other to their crew by sending requests through the friend recommendation feature.

Miscellaneous

Furthermore, the above-described elements and operations can be comprised of instructions that are stored on non-transitory storage media. The instructions can be retrieved and executed by a processing system. Some examples of instructions are software, program code, and firmware. Some examples of non-transitory storage media are memory devices, tape, disks, integrated circuits, and servers. The instructions are operational when executed by the processing system to direct the processing system to operate in accord with the disclosure. The term “processing system” refers to a single processing device or a group of inter-operational processing devices. Some examples of processing devices are integrated circuits and logic circuitry. Those skilled in the art are familiar with instructions, computers, and storage media.

Certain embodiments described herein may be implemented as logic or a number of modules, engines, components, or mechanisms. A module, engine, logic, component, or mechanism (collectively referred to as a “module”) may be a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and configured or arranged in a certain manner. In certain example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client, or server computer system) or one or more components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) or firmware (note that software and firmware can generally be used interchangeably herein as is known by a skilled artisan) as a module that operates to perform certain operations described herein.

In various embodiments, a module may be implemented mechanically or electronically. For example, a module may comprise dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured (e.g., within a special-purpose processor, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or array) to perform certain operations. A module may also comprise programmable logic or circuitry (e.g., as encompassed within a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor) that is temporarily configured by software or firmware to perform certain operations. It will be appreciated that a decision to implement a module mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by, for example, cost, time, energy-usage, and package size considerations.

Accordingly, the term “module” should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. Considering embodiments in which modules or components are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the modules or components need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where the modules or components comprise a general-purpose processor configured using software, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respective different modules at different times. Software may accordingly configure the processor to constitute a particular module at one instance of time and to constitute a different module at a different instance of time.

Modules can provide information to, and receive information from, other modules. Accordingly, the described modules may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiples of such modules exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) that connect the modules. In embodiments in which multiple modules are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such modules may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple modules have access. For example, one module may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further module may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Modules may also initiate communications with input or output devices and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information).

One or more features from any embodiment may be combined with one or more features of any other embodiment without departing from the scope of the disclosure.

A recitation of “a,” “an,” or “the” is intended to mean “one or more” unless specifically indicated to the contrary. In addition, it is to be understood that functional operations, such as “awarding,” “locating,” “permitting” and the like, are executed by game application logic that accesses, and/or causes changes to, various data attribute values maintained in a database or other memory.

The present disclosure encompasses all changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications to the example embodiments herein that a person having ordinary skill in the art would comprehend. Similarly, where appropriate, the appended claims encompass all changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications to the example embodiments herein that a person having ordinary skill in the art would comprehend.

For example, the methods, game features and game mechanics described herein may be implemented using hardware components, software components, and/or any combination thereof. By way of example, while embodiments of the present disclosure have been described as operating in connection with a networking website, various embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in connection with any communications facility that supports web applications. Furthermore, in some embodiments the term “web service” and “website” may be used interchangeably and additionally may refer to a custom or generalized API on a device, such as a mobile device (e.g., cellular phone, smart phone, personal GPS, PDA, personal gaming device, etc.), that makes API calls directly to a server. Still further, while the embodiments described above operate with business-related virtual objects (such as stores and restaurants), the disclosure can be applied to any in-game asset around which a harvest mechanic is implemented, such as a virtual stove, a plot of land, and the like. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereunto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth in the claims and that the disclosure is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents within the scope of the following claims.

The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b), requiring an abstract that will allow the reader to quickly ascertain the nature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, it can be seen that various features are grouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment. 

1-21. (canceled)
 22. A system comprising: an analysis module comprising circuitry configured to access a social interaction history of players of an online game, and analyze the social interaction history to identify from a plurality of social interactions one or more completed social interaction loops, each completed social interaction the comprising at least one reciprocating social interaction that is performed by one of the players in response to an earlier social interaction performed by another one of the players, where in social interactions forming part of the one or more completed social interaction loops form a non-exhaustive subset of the analyzed social interactions; and a recommendation module comprising circuitry configured to automatically generate a recommendation based at least in part on identification of the one or more completed social interaction loops.
 23. The system of claim 22, further comprising: an active social network compiler configured to compile, based on the identification of the one or more completed social interaction loops, active social network (ASN) information defining a respective active social network for each of one or more of the players, wherein the recommendation module is configured to generate the recommendation based at least in part on the ASN information.
 24. The system of claim 23, further comprising: a retention analysis module configured to perform a retention analysis based at least in part on the ASN information, wherein the recommendation module is configured to generate a retention recommendation based on the retention analysis.
 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the recommendation module is configured to generate a game retention recommendation comprising recommendations to a game networking system for increasing retention of players for the online game.
 26. The system of claim 24, wherein the recommendation module is configured to generate a player retention recommendation for a particular player based on retention analysis performed by the retention analysis module with respect to the particular player, the player retention recommendation comprising recommendations to a game networking system for increasing retention of the player for the online game.
 27. The system of claim 23, wherein the ASN compiler is configured to limit the ASN of a particular player exclusively to other players who share at least one completed social interaction loop with the particular player within a predetermined time interval.
 28. The system of claim 23, wherein the analysis module is configured to identify a reciprocating social interaction as forming part of a completed social interaction loop only if that reciprocating social interaction is performed within a predetermined duration window from the particular earlier social interaction in response to which the reciprocating social interaction is performed.
 29. The system of claim 22, wherein the plurality of social interactions analyzed for identifying the one or more completed social interaction loops comprise communications between the players.
 30. The system of claim 29, wherein the configurations between the players comprise in-game messages communicated between corresponding players.
 31. The system of claim 22, wherein the plurality of social interactions analyzed for identifying the one or more completed social interaction loops include in-game actions.
 32. The system of claim of claim 22, wherein the circuitry of the analysis module and the circuitry of the recommendation module are provided by one or more permanently configured dedicated circuits.
 33. The system of claim of claim 22, wherein the circuitry of the analysis module and the circuitry of the recommendation module are provided by temporarily configured circuitry through operation of computer readable instructions executed by one or more one or more temporarily configurable processors.
 34. A method comprising: accessing a social interaction history of players of an online game; in an automated operation performed using circuitry configured therefor, analyzing the social interaction history to identify from a plurality of social interactions one or more completed social interaction loops, each completed social interaction the comprising at least one reciprocating social interaction that is performed by one of the players in response to an earlier social interaction performed by another one of the players, where in social interactions forming part of the one or more completed social interaction loops form a non-exhaustive subset of the analyzed social interactions; and in an automated procedure performed using circuitry configured therefor, generating a recommendation based at least in part on identification of the one or more completed social interaction loops.
 35. The method of claim 34, further comprising: an active social network compiler configured to compile, based on the identification of the one or more completed social interaction loops, active social network (ASN) information defining a respective active social network for each of one or more of the players, wherein the recommendation module is configured to generate the recommendation based at least in part on the ASN information.
 36. The method of claim 35, further comprising: a retention analysis module configured to perform a retention analysis based at least in part on the ASN information, wherein the recommendation module is configured to generate a retention recommendation based on the retention analysis.
 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the recommendation module is configured to generate a game retention recommendation comprising recommendations to a game networking system for increasing retention of players for the online game.
 38. The method of claim 36, wherein the recommendation module is configured to generate a player retention recommendation for a particular player based on retention analysis performed by the retention analysis module with respect to the particular player, the player retention recommendation comprising recommendations to a game networking system for increasing retention of the player for the online game.
 39. The method of claim 35, further comprising a Sustaining Active Social Network (SASN) module configured to compute a size of a SASN of the online game, wherein the recommendation module is configured to generate the recommendation based at least in part on the SASN.
 40. The method of claim 39, further comprising a Percent Actively Social (PAS) module configured to compute a percentage of players who have a respective ASN at least at large as the SASN for the online game in a predefined period.
 41. The method of claim 35, further comprising a Percent Actively one friend module (PA1) configured to compute a percentage of players who have an ASN with at least one friend in the trailing predefined number of days.
 42. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium carrying instructions for causing a machine, when the instructions are executed by the machine, to perform operations comprising: accessing a social interaction history of players of an online game; analyzing the social interaction history to identify from a plurality of social interactions one or more completed social interaction loops, each completed social interaction the comprising at least one reciprocating social interaction that is performed by one of the players in response to an earlier social interaction performed by another one of the players, where in social interactions forming part of the one or more completed social interaction loops form a non-exhaustive subset of the analyzed social interactions; and generating a recommendation based at least in part on identification of the one or more completed social interaction loops. 